CNS Adenosine Antagonism
Evidence summary: Grade A
Caffeine Anhydrous / Sustained-Release
A practical review of human research, studied supplementation protocols, uncertainty, adverse effects, and what to verify on an exact product label.
Amounts used in selected studies
150mg – 300mg (3–6mg/kg)
Study protocols vary. This is research context, not a universal dose or medical recommendation.
What the evidence suggests
Elevates mental focus, central nervous system firing rate, and peak anaerobic sprint velocity.
Mechanism of Action
Competitively binds to adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the brain, reducing perceived exertion (RPE) and increasing motor unit recruitment velocity.
📚 Selected peer-reviewed research:
Catalog Products Containing Caffeine Anhydrous / Sustained-Release
2 catalog matches Ingredient identified pre-workout
NitroStride Stim-Free Runner Formula →
Label or catalog text: The claimed stimulant-free formula and ingredient amounts are unverified
Ingredient identified pre-workout
Legion Pulse Pre-Workout, 350mg Caffeine, Fruit Punch →
Label or catalog text: The linked listing identifies 350mg caffeine per serving
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